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Supercooling9

Supercooling is the process of lowering the temperature of a liquid or a gas below its freezing point, without it becoming a solid. A liquid below its standard freezing point will crystallize in the presence of a seed crystal or nucleus around which a crystal structure can form. However, lacking any such nucleus, the liquid phase can be maintained all the way down to the temperature at which crystal homogeneous nucleation occurs. The homogeneous nucleation can occur above the glass transition where the system is an amorphous (non-crystalline) solid. Water normally freezes at 273.15 K (0 °C or 32 °F) but it can also be "supercooled" at standard pressure down to its crystal homogeneous nucleation at almost 231 K (−42 °C).[1] If cooled at a rate on the order of 106 K/s, the crystal nucleation can be avoided and water becomes a glass. Its glass transition temperature is much colder and harder to determine, but studies estimate it at about 165 K (−108 °C).[2] Glassy water can be heated up to approximately 150 K (−123 °C).[1] In the range of temperatures between 231 K (−42 °C) and 150 K (−123 °C) experiments find only crystal ice. Droplets of supercooled water often exist in stratiform and cumulus clouds. They form into ice when they are struck by the wings of passing airplanes and abruptly crystallize. (This causes problems with lift, so aircraft that are expected to fly in such conditions are equipped with a de-icing system.) Freezing rain is also caused by supercooled droplets. The process opposite to supercooling, the melting of a solid below the freezing point, is much more difficult, and a solid will almost always melt at the same temperature for a given pressure. For this reason, it is the melting point which is usually identified, using melting point apparatus; even when the subject of a paper is "freezing-point determination", the actual methodology is "the principle of observing the disappearance rather than the formation of ice".[3] It is, however, possible, at a given pressure to superheat a liquid above its boiling point without it becoming gaseous.


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kaa ta taa var izdariit?
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Tagad mēs vismaz ninām kas notika tajās traģēdiju filmās kur ņujorka sasala pāris minūtēs :D tirpekli use google:http://www.google.lv/search?hl=lv&q=how+to+supercool+water&btnG=Mekl%C4%93t&meta=
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supersasalšana?? kā mājās to var izdarīt?
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jā laikam gan cik lasīju
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atceros , šito vajag ziemas aukstākajā naktī ārā pudeli atsāt kkur kur viņu nevarētu sakratīt. un no rīta viņu vajag sakratīt un tad ķipa sasals..esmu redzējis video , bet pats neesm meģinājis.. man liekas ka tu neder prasts udens,kip tur vajadzīgs destilētais.(bez sāliem)tādu var iegut novārot ūdeni un tā novārītā ūdens tvaiku iedabūt pudelē, vai vnk nopērc veikalā :D
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Kreker to translate neizmantoju viņš pilnīgs sūds ir.
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Karstais ledus..hot ice. vidusskola pat kaut ko stastija par to. majas viegli uztasit.
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LABS
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Google translate Own K ? Un raksts jau ir bijis pat latviski. Supercooling ir process, pazeminot temperatūru par šķidruma vai gāzes zem tās sasalšanas punkts bez tā kļūst par cieto. A liquid below its standard freezing point will crystallize in the presence of a seed crystal or nucleus around which a crystal structure can form. A šķidrums zem tās standarta sasalšanas punkts būs kristalizēt ar to, ka sēklas kristāla vai kodols, ap kuru ir kristālu struktūra var formu. However, lacking any such nucleus , the liquid phase can be maintained all the way down to the temperature at which crystal homogeneous nucleation occurs. Tomēr, trūkst jebkādu šādu kodols, šķidrā fāze var saglabāt visu ceļu līdz temperatūrai, kurā kristāla viendabīgs nukleācijas notiek. The homogeneous nucleation can occur above the glass transition where the system is an amorphous (non-crystalline) solid. Viendabīgā nukleācijas var rasties virs stiklošanās ja sistēma ir amorfs (ne-kristālisks) cietā. Water normally freezes at 273.15 K (0 °C or 32 °F) but it can also be "supercooled" at standard pressure down to its crystal homogeneous nucleation at almost 231 K (−42 °C). [ 1 ] If cooled at a rate on the order of 10 6 K/s, the crystal nucleation can be avoided and water becomes a glass . Ūdens parasti sasalst pie 273,15 K (0 ° C vai 32 ° F), bet tā var būt arī "atdzesēt" standarta spiedienu uz leju, lai tā kristāla viendabīgs nukleācijas gandrīz 231 K (-42 ° C). [1] Ja atdzesēts pie likme kārtībā 10 6 K / s, Crystal nukleācijas var novērst, un ūdens kļūst par stikla. Its glass transition temperature is much colder and harder to determine, but studies estimate it at about 165 K (−108 °C). [ 2 ] Glassy water can be heated up to approximately 150 K (−123 °C). [ 1 ] In the range of temperatures between 231 K (−42 °C) and 150 K (−123 °C) experiments find only crystal ice. Tās stiklošanās temperatūra ir ievērojami vēsāks un grūtāk noteikt, bet pētījumos atklāts, ka aptuveni 165 K (-108 ° C). [2] stiklveidīgs ūdens var būt karsējams līdz aptuveni 150 K (-123 ° C). [1] Saskaņā ar temperatūru diapazonā no 231 K (-42 ° C) un 150 K (-123 ° C) eksperimentus atrast tikai kristāla ledus. Droplets of supercooled water often exist in stratiform and cumulus clouds . Pilīšu atdzesēt ūdeni bieži pastāv stratiform un gubu mākoņi mākoņi. They form into ice when they are struck by the wings of passing airplanes and abruptly crystallize. Tie veido uz ledus, kad tos, kurus spārnus nodot lidmašīnas un pēkšņi kristalizēt. (This causes problems with lift, so aircraft that are expected to fly in such conditions are equipped with a de-icing system.) Freezing rain is also caused by supercooled droplets. (Tas rada problēmas ar lifta, lai gaisa kuģus, kurus paredzēts lidot šādos apstākļos ir aprīkoti ar atledošanai sistēma.) Freezing rain ir arī izraisījusi atdzesēt pilienu. The process opposite to supercooling, the melting of a solid below the freezing point, is much more difficult, and a solid will almost always melt at the same temperature for a given pressure . Šis process ir pretējs supercooling, kušanu cietu zem sasalšanas punkts ir daudz grūtāk, un cieto gandrīz vienmēr kausēt tajā pašā temperatūra par konkrēto spiediena. For this reason, it is the melting point which is usually identified, using melting point apparatus ; even when the subject of a paper is "freezing-point determination", the actual methodology is "the principle of observing the disappearance rather than the formation of ice". [ 3 ] It is, however, possible, at a given pressure to superheat a liquid above its boiling point without it becoming gaseous. Šī iemesla dēļ ir kušanas temperatūra, kas parasti ir identificēts, izmantojot kušanas punkts aparatūra; pat tad, ja attiecas uz papīra ir "sasalšanas punkta noteikšana", faktiskais metodika "principu, ievērojot izzušana nevis veidošanos ledus ". [3] Tomēr ir iespējams, kādā konkrētā spiediens pārkarsēt šķidro virs tā viršanas punkts bez tā radīto gāzveida.
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